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Unconventional oil and gas development (UOGD) has become the most widespread form of energy production in the United States. The booms and busts associated with UOGD are not unique to the industry, but the impacts to local communities are. As the industry continues to dominate the nation's energy landscape, and marginalized communities are disproportionately exposed to the extraction processes, it is important to understand the full scope of the environmental and social impacts experienced by communities during booms and busts. We review the literature on both the ecological and social boom-bust impacts of UOGD, noting the dearth of research on bust-time impacts. We conclude by calling for greater research on the long-term impacts of busts, in particular, and on understudied aspects of social impacts like those to public services, infrastructure, and social capital. 

SUMMARY Plants produce a staggering array of chemicals that are the basis for organismal function and important human nutrients and medicines. However, it is poorly defined how these compounds evolved and are distributed across the plant kingdom, hindering a systematic view and understanding of plant chemical diversity. Recent advances in plant genome/transcriptome sequencing have provided a well‐defined molecular phylogeny of plants, on which the presence of diverse natural products can be mapped to systematically determine their phylogenetic distribution. Here, we built a proof‐of‐concept workflow where previously reported diverse tyrosine‐derived plant natural products were mapped onto the plant tree of life. Plant chemical‐species associations were mined from literature, filtered, evaluated through manual inspection of over 2500 scientific articles, and mapped onto the plant phylogeny. The resulting “phylochemical” map confirmed several highly lineage‐specific compound class distributions, such as betalain pigments and Amaryllidaceae alkaloids. The map also highlighted several lineages enriched in dopamine‐derived compounds, including the orders Caryophyllales, Liliales, and Fabales. Additionally, the application of large language models, using our manually curated data as a ground truth set, showed that post‐mining processing can largely be automated with a low false‐positive rate, critical for generating a reliable phylochemical map. Although a high false‐negative rate remains a challenge, our study demonstrates that combining text mining with language model‐based processing can generate broader phylochemical maps, which will serve as a valuable community resource to uncover key evolutionary events that underlie plant chemical diversity and enable system‐level views of nature's millions of years of chemical experimentation. 

Abstract Scholarship on boom‐busts cycles in resource extraction often assumes that affected resource‐rich communities are at best reactive, at worst helpless, in the face of the large, exogenous shocks this cycle visits upon them. Researchers infrequently examine what communities themselves can do to improve their economic prospects and residents' quality of life amidst booms and busts. In this review paper, we identify and synthesize work scattered across disparate academic and gray literature—in planning, law, community economic development, rural sociology, economics, and political science, among others—to holistically assess what we know about how communities can use local policymaking to manage impacts of booms and busts associated with unconventional oil and gas drilling (UOGD), often called “fracking.” We highlight examples of communities tackling this task using vertical and horizontal governance strategies and distill expert recommendations for how communities can build boom‐bust resiliency generally and in key areas impacted by UOGD.